Beyond National Borders States39; Human Rights Obligations in International Cooperation

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br Within and outside the legal and academic professions, it is now increasingly recognised that the human rights consequences of states actions are not limited to the domestic sphere but quite often transcend national borders. This is a challenge to the human rights community, which up to the present time has focused almost exclusively on human rights violations and protections solely within a national setting.brbr brbr The term extraterritorial effectapplicationobligation in international law refers to acts that are taken by one actor state that have some kind of effect within another countrys territory, with or without this second countrys implicit or explicit agreement. Extraterritoriality within international human rights law, then, concerns actions or omissions by one state that have an effect on the human rights of individuals in another state with or without this other states agreement. This effect may be positive or negative in that such actions or omissions by foreign states may contribute positively to the enjoyment of human rights; or alternatively, they may result in a deteriorated human rights situation, and even human rights violations.brbr This book gives, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of extraterritorial obligations in international human rights law by placing the discussion in a larger international law context, interpreting obligations in the various sources of international human rights law, and discussing the way in which extraterritoriality has been approached by international courts and human rights implementation bodies in the United Nations and regional systems.brbr br